452
29 Zero-Waste Biorefineries for Circular Economy
methods have been set to achieve several goals. Reduction and utilization of CO2 is
the prime example of the technology. This can be done by bringing bio-based prod-
ucts (biofuel and fertilizers) into the market to set a valuable economy. This serves
to provide the required energy demand for sustainable renewable futures which can
change the mindset of CO2 as a solution rather than as a problem. The waste man-
agement practices via circular economy using closed energy loops in biorefinery
concepts may help in the reduction of GHG emissions and climate change mitiga-
tion policies worldwide. Despite the impressive outputs provided by the discussed
methods, there are some inevitable hurdles because of the complexity of the process
and socioeconomic acceptance. Soil management practices like crop rotation, cover
crops, judicious use of fertilizers, and growing deep-rooted crops could also make
agricultural soil a sink for carbon, which could both protect and enhance the soil
quality in the currently available situation to overcome the increasing carbon load
in the environment.
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